A dental fistula is a small channel or canal that forms in the oral tissue in response to a dental or oral infection. Its primary function is to allow pus or fluid from an accumulated infection to drain to the surface, relieving pressure and pain. Although this drainage may appear to resolve the problem, the fistula is a sign of a deeper condition that requires treatment.
Causes of dental fistula
1- Dental infections
- The most common cause is a dental abscess, which forms when bacteria infect the inside of the tooth (pulp) and generate pus accumulation.
2- Advanced caries:
- An untreated caries can penetrate to the dental pulp, causing infection and the formation of a fistula.
3- Dental trauma:
- A blow or injury to a tooth can damage the internal tissue, predisposing it to infection.
4- Periodontal disease:
- Severe gum infections can spread and form fistulas.
5- Failed dental treatments:
- Procedures such as poorly performed root canals can lead to infections that develop fistulas.
Associated symptoms
- Small lump or bump on the gum, which may release pus.
- Pain or tenderness around the affected tooth.
- Bad odor or taste in the mouth due to drainage of the infection.
- Swelling or redness in the affected area.
Solutions and treatment
1- Adequate diagnosis:
- A dentist will perform x-rays or scans to locate the source of the infection.
2- Treatment of the infected tooth:
- Endodontics (root canal treatment): If the problem lies inside the tooth, the infected tissue will be removed and the tooth will be sealed.
- Tooth extraction: If the tooth is badly damaged, it may be necessary to extract it.
3- Cleaning of the fistula:
- If the fistula is draining, the dentist will clean the area to prevent the spread of infection.
4- Antibiotics:
- Medications may be prescribed to fight the bacterial infection.
5- Periodontal surgery or apicoectomy:
- In complex cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to treat the root of the problem.
Prevention
- Maintain good oral hygiene, including brushing, flossing and mouthwash.
- Make regular visits to the dentist for checkups and cleanings.
- Treat caries and gum disease in its early stages.
- Protect teeth from injury by wearing mouthguards during sports activities.
If you suspect you have a dental fistula, it is important to seek dental care as soon as possible to avoid further complications, such as deeper infections or structural damage.
